How It Works

Achieve Your Preferred Level of Autonomy

With SMAUT’s modular system of hardware and software, you can unlock up to Level 4 autonomy – from GPS-guided navigation to full AI-based operation with zero human supervision. Each level reflects what your machine can actually do in the field.

Level 0 – Basic GPS-Based
Autonomy

The machine follows a pre-planned route using GPS and RTK signals – with no ability to detect obstacles or react to its surroundings. Suitable for open areas with stable satellite coverage.

Level 1 – Enhanced Localization & Obstacle Detection

The machine monitors its position, detects obstacles, and operates reliably even with limited GPS signal – enabling stable, semi-autonomous mowing in structured environments.

Level 2 – Obstacle Awareness & Environmental Understanding

The machine builds a 3D understanding of its surroundings, avoids both static and dynamic obstacles, and updates its route in real time – making it suitable for complex and semi-structured terrain.

Level 3 – Extended Autonomy

The machine plans its path, makes decisions, and adapts to terrain and hazards independently – operating with near-full autonomy in open environments without prior preparation.

Levels & Autonomy mowers

Where Can SMAUT Autonomy Be Used?

All hardware and software is developed in-house and designed specifically for outdoor, off-road and mowing environments.

Autonomous mowing in large PV areas

SMAUT powers machines like Spider Autonomous 2.0 in solar parks across Spain, Germany, and Austria—enhancing efficiency, reducing labor requirements, and preventing costly vegetation-related losses.

Safe operation where humans struggle

From railway embankments to airport perimeters, SMAUT enables machines to navigate and maintain steep, hard-to-reach terrain – reliably and with minimal supervision.

Smart navigation in narrow row crops

SMAUT’s modular system supports precise movement in structured agricultural layouts – helping machines perform green care operations between vines and trees.

SMAUT Levels of Autonomy in Detail

Each higher autonomy level is achieved by adding more advanced software and hardware – sensors, control logic and environmental awareness. These elements – which SMAUT calls products – are combined into a modular system that scales with your needs and machine type.

Up to 30 % more efficient mowing

Up to 38 % lower operator costs

Level 0 – Basic GPS-Based Autonomy

At this foundational level, the machine operates by following a pre-planned route using GPS and RTK signals, with no capacity to adapt or react to unexpected events or changes in its environment. The system executes instructions with precision but lacks real-time awareness or decision-making, which makes it entirely dependent on initial programming and a stable satellite signal.

Hardware: Control Unit, GNSS RTK, Navigation Unit, Receiver, Porta

Navigation Unit, Receiver, Portal

Functionality: Follows pre-planned GPS routes, no adaptation to environment

Notes: Requires GPS coverage; no autonomy beyond route playback

Up to 50 % more efficient mowing

Up to 38 % lower operator costs

Level 1 – Enhanced Localization & Obstacle Detection

At this level, the machine is equipped with advanced localization and obstacle detection technologies. These enable precise movement tracking, obstacle recognition, and the use of a multi-layer map. As a result, the machine operates more reliably even in areas with limited satellite navigation, gaining basic environmental awareness and fleet-level connectivity for monitoring and control.

Hardware: Control Unit, GNSS RTK, Navigation Unit, Receiver, Portal, Sensor Unit, Radar Unit

Optional: Remote Control Kit

Functionality: Basic awareness of surroundings; connectivity for fleet-level control and monitoring; more stable operation even with limited GPS

Notes: Requires upgraded software and additional sensors; designed for more robust performance in partially obstructed environments

Up to 60 % more efficient mowing

Up to 55 % lower operator costs

Level 2 – Obstacle Awareness & Environmental Understanding

At this level, the machine incorporates foundational mapping and advanced multi-sensor fusion, enabling it to interpret its surroundings with greater accuracy and optimize route planning. It can dynamically update navigation paths, detect both static and dynamic obstacles, and begin to make partial autonomous decisions for safer and more efficient operation in semi-structured environments.

Hardware: Control Unit, GNSS RTK, Navigation Unit, Receiver, Portal, Sensor Unit, Radar Unit, Lidar Radar Kit, Camera Sensor Kit

Optional: Remote Control Kit

Functionality: Real-time 3D perception of environment; detects and avoids static and dynamic obstacles; enables safe navigation in semi-structured environments

Notes: Requires lidar, camera sensors, and AI software upgrades; introduces partial autonomous decision-making

Up to 70 % more efficient mowing

Up to 65 % lower operator costs

Level 3 – Extended Autonomy

At this level, machines achieve near full autonomy and operate independently, adjusting to terrain and obstacles in open environments without prior preparation. With advanced sensors, AI-driven algorithms, and real-time data processing, the system can navigate complex landscapes, avoid hazards, and complete tasks efficiently without human intervention.

Hardware: Control Unit, GNSS RTK, Navigation Unit, Receiver, Portal, Sensor Unit, Radar Unit, Lidar Radar Kit, Camera Sensor Kit

Optional: Remote Control Kit
Adds: Advanced AI-driven software logic

Functionality: Autonomous path planning, decision-making, and recovery

Notes: Enables high-level autonomy and efficient operation in complex, unstructured environments

Up to 85 % more efficient mowing

Up to 90 % lower operator costs

Level 4 – Full Autonomy in Unmapped Areas

At this highest level, machines operate with complete autonomy, navigating without pre-made maps and orienting themselves in entirely unfamiliar terrain. With advanced environmental understanding and decision intelligence, they can identify objects, adapt in real time to changing conditions, and perform safely and efficiently in open or public spaces — without any human supervision.

Hardware: Control Unit, GNSS RTK, Navigation Unit, Receiver, Portal, Sensor Unit, Radar Unit, Lidar Radar Kit, Camera Sensor Kit

Optional: Remote Control Kit

Functionality: Navigates and maps new environments in real time; no fences or predefined maps required; designed for open spaces and public areas; zero human supervision needed

Notes: Represents full autonomy; machines can start operation immediately without prior preparation

Level 0 – Basic GPS-Based Autonomy

Hardware: Control Unit, GNSS RTK, Navigation Unit, Receiver, Porta

Navigation Unit, Receiver, Portal

Functionality: Follows pre-planned GPS routes, no adaptation to environment

Notes: Requires GPS coverage; no autonomy beyond route playback

Level comparison

Product/Component

Level 0

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 4

Control unit (CCU02)

Control Unit (CCU01)

Navigation Unit (CCA01)

Fleet and Service Cloud Platform

GNSS RTK Reciever (CSR01)

GNSS RTK Base Station (CST01 + RTCM)

Mission Planner

Diagnostic Tool

Remote Optional Control Kit (CRC01)

Sensor Unit (CCUS02)

Radar Sensor Kit (RSK)

Camera Sensor Kit (CSK)

LIDAR Sensor Kit

AI Software Upgrades

Advanced AI Logic

Map Independence & Env. Understanding

Do You Have Questions About the Levels?

Feel Free to Contact Us!

SMAUT Product Components

SMAUT delivers autonomy through a modular system of hardware and software components. These products are combined to achieve the desired autonomy level (Level 0–4), specifically tailored to the demands of mowing and green care machinery operating in real-world terrain.

Control Unit (CCU01):

Central computing and decision-making hub. Manages all navigation, sensor fusion, and control logic.

Technical Specifications

Sensor Unit (CCUS02):

Integrates environmental sensing (proximity, movement, basic obstacle awareness) to support localization and safety.

Technical Specifications

Navigation Unit (CCA01):

Processes GPS and RTK signals, handles route following and localization functions.

Technical Specifications

Receiver (CSR01):

High-precision GNSS receiver enabling RTK corrections and accurate positioning.

Technical Specifications

GNSS RTK Base Station (CST01 + RTCM):

Provides correction data for centimeter-level positioning accuracy, critical for Levels 0–2.

Technical Specifications

Remote Optional Control Kit (CRC01):

Allows manual or assisted control in testing, emergencies, or early-stage deployments.

Technical Specifications

Radar Sensor Kit (8x):

Enables real-time detection and classification of obstacles. Essential for Level 1+ autonomy in dynamic environments.

Camera Sensor Kit:

Supports 3D scene understanding and object recognition. Required for AI-based navigation (Level 2 and up).

LIDAR Sensor Kit:

Provides high-resolution 3D environmental mapping and object detection. Enhances spatial awareness and is essential for advanced autonomy and real-time navigation.

Fleet and Service Cloud Platform:

Accessed via portal app.automowing.tech. Enables fleet management, data logging, software updates, and diagnostics. Required for Levels 0–4. Integrates with control unit and sensor suite for remote supervision

Technical Specifications

Mission Planner

Intuitive web-based tool for creating, editing, and managing mowing routes. Enables users to define work zones, set boundaries, and assign tasks – with full integration into the control unit and cloud platform for remote deployment and monitoring.

Technical Specifications

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How It Works

Achieve Your Preferred Level of Autonomy

Level 0 – Basic GPS-BasedAutonomy

Level 1 – Enhanced Localization & Obstacle Detection

Level 2 – Obstacle Awareness & Environmental Understanding

Level 3 – Extended Autonomy

Where Can SMAUT Autonomy Be Used?

Autonomous mowing in large PV areas

Safe operation where humans struggle

Smart navigation in narrow row crops

SMAUT Levels of Autonomy in Detail

Up to 30 % more efficient mowing

Up to 38 % lower operator costs

Level 0 – Basic GPS-Based Autonomy

Up to 50 % more efficient mowing

Up to 38 % lower operator costs

Level 1 – Enhanced Localization & Obstacle Detection

Up to 60 % more efficient mowing

Up to 55 % lower operator costs

Level 2 – Obstacle Awareness & Environmental Understanding

Up to 70 % more efficient mowing

Up to 65 % lower operator costs

Level 3 – Extended Autonomy

Up to 85 % more efficient mowing

Up to 90 % lower operator costs

Level 4 – Full Autonomy in Unmapped Areas

Level 0 – Basic GPS-Based Autonomy

SMAUT Product Components

Control Unit (CCU01):

Sensor Unit (CCUS02):

Navigation Unit (CCA01):

Receiver (CSR01):

GNSS RTK Base Station (CST01 + RTCM):

Remote Optional Control Kit (CRC01):

Radar Sensor Kit (8x):

Camera Sensor Kit:

LIDAR Sensor Kit:

Fleet and Service Cloud Platform:

Mission Planner

Tab Content

Level 0 – Basic GPS-Based
Autonomy